Alergia a los antibióticos
Las penicilinas son una familia de antibióticos que incluye muchos medicamentos, como la amoxicilina (Clamoxyl® o genéricos), la amoxicilina/ácido clavulánico (Augmentin® o genéricos), la cloxacilina (Orbenin® o genéricos)…
Las penicilinas son eficaces en una amplia gama de infecciones. Si no se pueden utilizar, existen otros antibióticos, pero tienen otros inconvenientes (desarrollo de resistencias bacterianas, daños en los tendones con las fluoroquinolonas, uso restringido a los hospitales, etc.).
Quel antibiotique prendre quand on est allergique à la pénicilline ?
<a href=”/article?contentid=804&language=french”>réactions anaphylactiques</a>. Ces réactions sont plus susceptibles de se produire lorsque l’ampicilline est administrée par voie intraveineuse (IV).</li><li>
<a href=”/article?contentid=73&language=english”>amoxicillin</a> are penicillin-type antibiotics. Ampicillin is given intravenously, and amoxicillin is given by mouth. They treat different types of bacterial infections and are commonly used in children.</p><p>Some children develop a skin irritation while taking one of these medicines. These are ampicillin or amoxicillin rashes. They are generally divided into two groups:<br></p><ol><li>
<strong>Immediate reactions</strong>: usually begin within one to two hours of taking the medication. When your child is first exposed to the medication, this may occur in the last days of treatment, but subsequent reactions will often occur after the first dose in a course.</li><li>
<strong>Delayed reactions</strong>: usually occur several hours (typically days) after exposure to the medication, and may begin days after treatment is completed. These are more common than immediate reactions. They are less predictable and less likely to develop again with repeat exposure to the medication.</li></ol><h2>Key points</h2><ul><li>Ampicillin or amoxicillin rashes are skin changes that can develop while as a reaction to these medicines.</li><li>The reactions can be immediate (within one to two hours) or delayed (after hours or days). </li><li>See your child’s doctor right away if they develop a more serious allergic reaction (for example, if your child looks unwell, has a high fever, develops blistering, difficulty breathing).<br></li><li>Maculopapular rashes are common and don’t necessarily mean your child is allergic to the medication.<br></li><li>Patients who develop hives should be referred for allergy testing.</li></ul>
Réaction allergique antibiotique combien de temps
Lee CE, Zembower TR, Fotis MA, Postelnick MJ, Greenberger PA, Peterson LR, et al. The incidence of antimicrobial allergies in hospitalized patients: implications regarding prescribing patterns and emerging bacterial resistance. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160(18):2819.
Park M, Markus P, Matesic D, Li JT. Safety and effectiveness of a preoperative allergy clinic in decreasing vancomycin use in patients with a history of penicillin allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006;97(5):681.
Johansson SG, Bieber T, Dahl R, Friedmann PS, Lanier BQ, Lockey RF et al. Revised nomenclature for allergy for global use: Report of the Nomenclature Review Committee of the World Allergy Organization, October 2003. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113(5):832.
Brockow K, Garvey LH, Aberer W, Atanaskovic-Markovic M, Barbaud A, Bilo MB et al. en nombre del Grupo de Interés en Alergia a Medicamentos de la ENDA/EAACI. Concentraciones de pruebas cutáneas para fármacos administrados sistémicamente – un documento de posición del Grupo de Interés en Alergia a los Fármacos de la ENDA/EAACI. Allergy. 2013;68:702-12.
Erupción por Amoxicilina
Como han demostrado muchos estudios, sólo se confirma el 10% de las sospechas de hipersensibilidad a los fármacos betalactámicos. Esto implica que el 90% restante son en su mayoría reacciones no específicas, no alérgicas, durante un episodio infeccioso.
3. Erkocoglu M., Kaya A., Civelek E., Ozcan C., Cakir B., Akan A., et al. Prevalencia de reacciones de hipersensibilidad de tipo inmediato confirmadas entre los escolares. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24: 160-167 .
